John weeks



J. WEEKS.

HYDRAULIG JACK,

(No Model.)

Patented Nov. 17, 1855.v

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. 1 UNITED* STATEST JOHN wenns, or New vonk,

PATENT OFFICE."

N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO ,RICHARD DUDGEON, OF

SAME PLACE.

HYDRAULIC'JACK.

SPEGIFICATIUN forming part of Letters P renrNo. 330,760, dated November17, 188,5.

Application filed June `15, 1885. Serial No. 168,818. (No model.)

To ULZZ whom, t may concer-11,:

Beit known that I, J oHN Wnnks, a citizen of the United States, andaresident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in HydraulicJacks, of which thefollowing is a specication.

The invention relates to hydraulic j acks; and it consists inimprovements upon the jack invented by myself and Harrison Traver, forwhich we applied for Letters Patent of the United States on September26, 1884, Serial No. 144,053.

The characteristic features of this present invention are,iirst,'liquidpassages for the return of the liquid from below the pumpto the reservoir, said liquid-passages being made in the outer part ofthe piston and distinct from the ingress or feeding water-passage;second, improvements in the packing for-the piston, and means ofapplying it; third, improved construction of the stem of the lowervalve.

a In the drawings the same letters indicate the same 'parts in all thefigures.

Figure ln is a vertical centralsection of the improved jack,showing theposition of the parts during the pumping-up operation.v Fig. 2 is a likesection of the jack, showing the position of the parts when the ram isbeing lowered. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a jack constructed asshown in Fig. 2, taken on the line m x of that figure. Fig. 4 is ahorizontal cross-section of the spindle of the lower valve. Fig. 5 is avertical central section of a pump piston, showing a modified method of'constructing the return liquid-passages.

A is the base of the jack, which supports the upright cylinder B, asusual.

C is the ram. It fits quite snugly to the bore of the cylinder B.

D is the pump, which vscrews into the ram C by threads d. Itis providedwith a downwardly extending projection, E, which is threaded externally,upon which screws the nut F. Immediately above the nut F. is a nietallicpacking ring, G, which coniines the packing II in position. A pin, I,passes through the packing and the packing-ring, and enters a hole boredin the joint between the pump D and the ram C. The pin I is held inposition by thenut F. At the lower end of the pump is a small bonnet, J,perforated by a number of holes at its lower part, which is screwed intoa recess in the base of the pump. It contains and holds in place aspring, K, which normally tends to seat the valve L, which, with itsstem e, occupies a hole, e', bored from the lower endof thepump upwardto the bottom of the piston-'chamber in the pump. The stem of the valveL works freely in the hole e. Instead, however, of being triangularincross-section, as such stems have heretofore been made, or filed oif onoppositeY sides to allow theliquid to pass by the side of the stem whenthe valve is unseated, the stem is made as shown in crosssection in Fig.4- that is to say, the water-passages a a consist of deep incisions madein the sides ofthe stemsaidincisions having small area on the surface ofthe stem. They may be much deeper than shown in the drawings, and muchnarrower on the surface of the stem. They are continuous from the valveon the lower end of the stem y to its upper `end. By this constructionthe cutting away of the surface of the spindle is avoided, thus leavinga substantially-cylindrical stem, which has almost as greatwearing-surface as though the liquidpassages were not cut in it, therebyavoiding the somewhat speedy wearing away of the spindle, which takesplace in the old constructionsthat is to say, when the spindie is ledoff triangular or on two sides, and which results in impairing theaccuracy of the reseating of the valve.

The upper end ofthe stem extends a short vdistance into the chamber ofthe pump, as seen at m in Fig. 1.

The diameter of the chamber of the pump (marked M) is greater than thatof the piston N. Thus the liquid can rise freely around the piston tothe upper end of the enlarged chamber.

The piston N has a bonnet, a, screwed into a recess formed in its lowerend, which is perforated at its lower part, it being very similar tothebonnet J. -Its function is to prevent the valve from dropping down intothe pump. Within the piston is formed a longitudinal water-passage, O,which communicates,

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by passages o o, with the reservoir above the piston formed by the upperportion of the ram and in the head of the jack. Within the lower part ofthe passage O is contained the valve 5 lo, which has its seat in thelower end of the passage O.

Q is the packing of the piston. It is attached to the sides of the pump,and-is confined between the gland R and a shoulder formed on the upperend of the pump. The gland is held in place by a shoulder, r, formed inthe ram and by the upper end of the pump. The packing may be a U -shapedpacking, as seen in Fig. 2, furnished with an expanderring, a, or anyother suitable packing, but I prefer a packing of the shape shown inFig1 l ata, which, being conned between the gland R and a shoulder, s,formed on the upper part of the pump, does away with the expanden ringand any special means of conning it in place. It is also a moreeconomical packing i than a U-shaped packing. If constructed as shown inFig. 1, it may be simply dropped into its place in the pump beforeinserting the pump in the ram, and the gland being placed on top of it.Then all these parts .at one operation may be inserted into the ram andpushed up until the threads d on the pump engage with the threads in theram, and then being screwed up tightly, this part of the apparatus iscomplete.

The water-passages' which return the liquid from below the pump to thereservoir above are seen at T. There may be as many of them as desired,but I prefer two at least, preferably three. They are simple incisionscut into the eirterior of the piston, and may be of anydesired shape,three different forms being shown in cross-section in Fig. 3. I preferto cut them narrow on the surface, so that the packing will not squeezeinto them, and give them the desired capaci-ty (more or less, aspreferred) by increasing their depth.` These water-passages are of suchlength and are so located in thepiston that when the piston is depressedto its greatest downward position the passages T will engage with theenlarged part of the pump-chamber at one end and with the reservoirabove the gland Rat the other end, as seen in Fig. 2.

One of the principal improvements possessed by this invention .over thesaid invention of Weeks and Travers consists in these passages, becauseby their invention the single longitudinal passage 0 through the pistonserved both to pass the liquid downward for pumping up the ram, and alsoto pass it back for lowering the ram. If, therefore, any `obstructionshould get into this single passage O, the low of the liquid back to thereservoir might be stopped and it be impossible to lower the load or torelease the jack without the aid of another jack to lift the load oft'from the rst one, and this has been found to be notan 6 5 unfrequentdifficulty, because jacks are very often opened, for various reasons, bythe men I into the jack, and since the liquid passes with considerableforce from below the pump to the reservoir above it, under thepressureof a heavy load, these particles of lforeign matterare apt to get jammedtightly into the passage O and stop the operation of the jack. By thepresent improvement this will be iinpossible, because, there being morethan one passage, if one should become clogged the other or others wouldact. Moreover, when clogged, the external passages are much more easilyfreed from impediments than an internal passage, especially as propertools for doing such work are not usually present outside ofthemachine-shops. It must be distinctly understood, however, that thepresent invention is not limited to more than one passage T.

The piston-rod VV extends upwardly, and is operated by a lever andcrank-shaft or any equivalent device, as usual in hydraulic jacks.

In Fig. 5 is shown another method of forming the liquid-passages T. Theyare bored from thelower end of the piston upwardly just within the wallof the piston. Then transverse openings t are bored in laterally at theproper points to intersect them, and the lower end of the passages arethen securely plugged up in any desired manner. Instead, however, ofboring the holes clear through the piston from its lower end, the pistonmay be made in two parts threaded together, as at b. Thus the holes maybe bored through that part onlyof the piston in which they are desired.

The operation is as follows: By working the lever, as usual, theadjustment of the parts being such that the lower ends of the passages Tdc not come below the packing Q, the liquid at each upstroke passesdownward through the passages o O and valve I into the chamber of thepump M, and at each downstroke it is forced through the passagel in theside liquid-channels, a a, depressing the valve L, and into the spacebelow the pump, thus forcing the ram upwardly by hydrostatic power. Thispumping operation is continued until the ram, bearing its load, has beenraised to the desired height. Then by depressing the pislton as far asit will go the bonnet n strikes the upper end, m, of the spindle of thelower valve andlfvorces that valve oi of its seat, and at the same timethe lower ends of the liquidpassages T are brought into connection withthe upper end ofthe enlarged pump-chamber. Thus the liquid will flowback again under the pressure of the load through the valve L, passagesa a in the spindle, through the enlarged pump-chamber to and through thepassages T to the reservoir above the pump.

The details of construction are not essential to this invention, sinceit will be apparent to IOO ISO

any one familiar with suehmatters that they may be altered and still theinvention be embodied.

I claimf l. In a hydraulic jack, the combination of a piston formed withliquid-passages T, cut in the Wall thereof, anda longitudinalliquid-passage through the piston, closed with a valve at its 1 lowerend, and a pump, D, formed with an v2O T cut in its outer Wall, and alongitudinal Water-passage through the piston, closed with a Valveatvits lower end, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a hydraulic jack, a piston formed with liquid-passages T out inits outer Wall and a longitudinal liquid-passage through the piston,closed by a valve at the lower end, and a pump,l), formed with anenlarged chamber, and a packing for the piston attached to the pump andbearing against the piston, in combination with a downwardly-openingvalve located at the base of the pump-chamber, the stem Whereof extendsinto the pump-chamber, and provided with liquid-passages formed in thestem, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 11th day of June, A. D. 1,885.

J OHN VEEKS. Witnesses:

HARRISON TRAVER, WM. E. MAcDoNoUei-r.

